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Ovarian Dermoid Cysts: A Comprehensive Review

Teaser: 

D'Arcy Little MD CCFP FCFP FRCPC,

Medical Director, Journal of Current Clinical Care and www.healthplexus.net, Adjunct Clinical Lecturer, Departments of Medical Imaging and Family Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.

CLINICAL TOOLS

Abstract: Ovarian dermoid cysts, or mature cystic teratomas, are the most common benign ovarian neoplasms, typically affecting women of reproductive age. These germ cell tumors contain tissues from multiple layers and present variably, from asymptomatic findings to acute complications like torsion or rupture. Accurate imaging through ultrasound, CT, or MRI is crucial for diagnosis and management, ranging from observation to surgical intervention based on size, symptoms, and malignancy risk.
Key Words: ovarian dermoid cysts, benign ovarian neoplasms, ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, MRI.
Ovarian dermoid cysts account for 20-25% of all ovarian tumors, predominantly in women aged 20-40 years.
Common imaging features include fat-fluid levels, calcifications, and the Rokitansky protuberance, which guide diagnosis.
Conservative management is feasible for asymptomatic cysts smaller than 6 cm, while surgical removal is indicated for symptomatic or complex cases.
Advanced imaging techniques like MRI enhance malignancy detection and pre-surgical planning.
Imaging Techniques: Ultrasound often reveals characteristic features such as the “tip of the iceberg” sign and mixed echogenicity, aiding early detection.
Complication Indicators: Acute severe pain with nausea may indicate torsion or rupture, necessitating immediate intervention.
Surgical Preference: Laparoscopic cystectomy is minimally invasive, preferred for preserving ovarian tissue and preventing rupture.
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Related Terms: Radiology, ovarian dermoid cysts, benign ovarian neoplasms, ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, MRI
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Prostate Cancer Imaging: Ultrasound, CT, MRI, and Nuclear Medicine Techniques

Teaser: 

D'Arcy Little MD CCFP FCFP FRCPC,

Radiologist, Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital, Adjunct Clinical Lecturer, Department of Family and Community Medicine and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.

CLINICAL TOOLS

Abstract: Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men worldwide, and early detection is key to improved patient outcomes. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination, prostate-specific antigen blood testing, and imaging studies. Radiology plays an important role, aiding in treatment planning, confirming the diagnosis by directing biopsy, staging the patient, and following treatment course. Imaging modalities for prostate cancer diagnosis include ultrasound, CT, nuclear medicine, and MRI. While MRI is the most sensitive imaging modality, ultrasound is still the preferred modality for measuring the prostate volume. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET imaging has shown to have superior sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional imaging modalities in the detection of prostate cancer, especially in the context of low PSA. Clinical pearls include performing ultrasound-guided biopsy under local anesthesia to improve patient comfort, and the use of fusion MRI and ultrasound images to facilitate MRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy.
Key Words: Prostate cancer, imaging modalities, ultrasound, MRI, CT, PSMA PET.

Members of the College of Family Physicians of Canada may claim MAINPRO-M2 Credits for this unaccredited educational program.

www.cfpc.ca/Mainpro_M2

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Radiology plays a crucial role in prostate cancer diagnosis, aiding in treatment planning, confirming the diagnosis, and directing biopsy.
Imaging modalities for prostate cancer diagnosis include ultrasound, CT, nuclear medicine, and MRI.
MRI is the most sensitive conventional imaging modality for detecting prostate cancer.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET imaging has been shown to have superior sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional imaging modalities in the detection of prostate cancer, especially in context of low PSA.
Ultrasound is still the preferred modality for measuring the prostate volume.
Ultrasound-guided biopsy is a minimally-invasive procedure that involves inserting a needle through the rectum via an ultrasound probe guide and into the prostate gland. It is performed under local anesthesia and patients are discharged the same day after a short period of observation in the radiology department.
MRI and ultrasound images can be fused to facilitate MRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy, which improves the accuracy of the biopsy procedure.
The use of antibiotic prophylaxis before ultrasound-guided biopsy decreases the risk of infection to approximately 1 in 100 patients.
To have access to full article that these tools were developed for, please subscribe. The cost to subscribe is $80 USD per year and you will gain full access to all the premium content on www.healthplexus.net, an educational portal, that hosts 1000s of clinical reviews, case studies, educational visual aids and more as well as within the mobile app.
Related Terms: Urogenital Disorders, prostate cancer, imaging modalities, ultrasound, CT, MRI, PSMA, PET
Disclaimer: 
Disclaimer at the end of each page