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Ovarian Dermoid Cysts: A Comprehensive Review

Teaser: 

D'Arcy Little MD CCFP FCFP FRCPC,

Medical Director, Journal of Current Clinical Care and www.healthplexus.net, Adjunct Clinical Lecturer, Departments of Medical Imaging and Family Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.

CLINICAL TOOLS

Abstract: Ovarian dermoid cysts, or mature cystic teratomas, are the most common benign ovarian neoplasms, typically affecting women of reproductive age. These germ cell tumors contain tissues from multiple layers and present variably, from asymptomatic findings to acute complications like torsion or rupture. Accurate imaging through ultrasound, CT, or MRI is crucial for diagnosis and management, ranging from observation to surgical intervention based on size, symptoms, and malignancy risk.
Key Words: ovarian dermoid cysts, benign ovarian neoplasms, ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, MRI.
Ovarian dermoid cysts account for 20-25% of all ovarian tumors, predominantly in women aged 20-40 years.
Common imaging features include fat-fluid levels, calcifications, and the Rokitansky protuberance, which guide diagnosis.
Conservative management is feasible for asymptomatic cysts smaller than 6 cm, while surgical removal is indicated for symptomatic or complex cases.
Advanced imaging techniques like MRI enhance malignancy detection and pre-surgical planning.
Imaging Techniques: Ultrasound often reveals characteristic features such as the “tip of the iceberg” sign and mixed echogenicity, aiding early detection.
Complication Indicators: Acute severe pain with nausea may indicate torsion or rupture, necessitating immediate intervention.
Surgical Preference: Laparoscopic cystectomy is minimally invasive, preferred for preserving ovarian tissue and preventing rupture.
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Related Terms: Radiology, ovarian dermoid cysts, benign ovarian neoplasms, ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, MRI
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