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dermatology

Yellow and yellow-brown papules and plaques: Differentiating look-alikes in children’s dermatology

Teaser: 

Lauren Schock, BSc, MD Program,1 Joseph M. Lam, MD, FRCPC,2

1Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB.
2Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Associate Member, Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.

CLINICAL TOOLS

Abstract: Yellow-hued papules and plaques in children can be difficult to differentiate as many causes are rare and may not be frequently outside of specialty pediatric dermatology settings. We will review some of the common and concerning yellow-brown papules and plaques found in infants and children and discuss appearance and distribution, pathophysiology, associated findings, and management.
Key Words: dermatology, pediatric, yellow lesions.
Nevus sebaceous typically grow in proportion with patients in early childhood. Excision should be deferred until adolescence to avoid the use of general anesthetic and an informed decision can be made by the child.
Benign cephalic histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma are both forms of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis and are benign and self limited.
Consider a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis in any child presenting with connective tissue nevi, especially if white macules, angiofibroma, or periungual fibroma are also found.
Screen children with necrobiosis lipodica for retinopathy and neuropathy.
Use your hands – rub a suspected lesion of mastocytosis; if urticaria is elicited (a red, itchy, swollen papule or plaque), you have found Darier's sign. Mastocytosis is likely. Be prepared to treat the child with antihistamines if needed.
Juvenile xanthogranulomas are more common under two years of age, and typically appear on the head and neck. Cutaneous xanthomas often occur overlying tendons, or as grouped papules over the extensor surfaces and buttocks.
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About Psoriasis

About Psoriasis

WHAT IS PSORIASIS?

Psoriasis is a common but chronic skin condition that causes inflammation and scaling (red elevated patches and flaking silvery scales). The patches can be itchy or sore, causing discomfort and pain. Psoriasis causes skin cells to rise to the surface and shed at a very rapid rate. On average, people with psoriasis shed their skin cells every 3 to 4 days, while people without the condition have a turnover rate of about every 30 days.1,2,3,4

About Rosacea

About Rosacea

WHAT IS ROSACEA?

Rosacea is a common, chronic skin condition that causes redness of the face. It often presents as a mild redness or blushing that, over time, lasts for longer durations and becomes more pronounced. Rosacea can also produce enlarged, visible blood vessels and small red bumps on the facial skin. Before diagnosis, it can be mistaken for acne, an allergic reaction, or other skin conditions.1,2,3

Frequently Asked Questions about Psoriasis

Frequently Asked Questions about Psoriasis

WHAT IS PSORIASIS?

Psoriasis is a common but chronic skin condition that causes inflammation and scaling (red elevated patches and flaking silvery scales). The patches can be itchy or sore, causing discomfort and pain. Psoriasis causes skin cells to rise to the surface and shed at a very rapid rate. On average, people with psoriasis shed their skin cells every 3 to 4 days, while people without the condition have a turnover rate of about every 30 days.1,2,3,4

A Scaly Periorbital Rash in a Preschool-aged Boy

A Scaly Periorbital Rash in a Preschool-aged Boy

Teaser: 

Jennifer Smitten, MD, FRCPC,1 Joseph M Lam, MD, FRCPC,2

1BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, BC.
2Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Associate Member, Department of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, BC.

CLINICAL TOOLS

Abstract: A healthy 4-year-old boy presented with an 8-month history of a pruritic scaly eruption around his right eye associated with several small pearly papules on the face. A clinical diagnosis of an eczematous id reaction to molluscum contagiosum was made. While up to 40% of cases of molluscum contagiosum may have an associated eczematous dermatitis, these are often under-recognized or misdiagnosed.
Key Words: Pediatrics, Dermatology, Dermatitis, Molluscum, Eczema, Id reaction, Viral exanthem, Hypersensitivity.
Eczematous id reactions to molluscum contagiosum (MC) in children are common, occurring in up to 40% of cases of MC.
Id reactions to MC can be challenging to diagnose, as they may occur at sites distant from the MC lesions.
Id reactions can be caused by a variety of infectious and noninfectious dermatoses.
Asymptomatic id reactions do not require pharmacologic treatment and a watchful waiting approach is reasonable.
1. Id reactions can be caused by a variety of infectious and noninfectious dermatoses, including allergic contact dermatitis to nickel, scabies infestation, tinea infection and molluscum infection.
2. In a unilateral eczematous dermatitis, consider molluscum dermatitis, especially in a child with no personal or family history of atopy.
3. Treatment of symptomatic id reactions may help to reduce spread of MC via autoinoculation from scratching.
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Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease in Older Adults

Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease in Older Adults

Teaser: 

William Lear, MD, FRCPC, FAAD, Dermatologist, Silver Falls Dermatology PC, Salem, OR, USA.
Jennifer Akeroyd, RN, PhD student, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

In this article, we discuss skin findings affecting older adults, with a focus on pruritus, flushing, dermatitis, and ulcers, and consider related internal diseases. Our goal is to make this information readily transferable to the clinical setting for the non-dermatologist.
Key words: dermatology, skin manifestations, older adults, pruritus, flushing, dermatitis, ulcers.