
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is the collection of signs and symptoms produced by severe compression of the lumbar spinal nerves that form the cauda equina.

Though they have significant morbidity and mortality, spine infections are a rare cause of back pain.

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a progressive and acquired spinal disorder that represents a potentially reversible cause of spinal cord impairment among adults.

Low back pain remains among the most common clinical conditions seen in a family physician’s office.

The global population is ageing, and with that there is a concomitant increase in spinal pain and mobility complaints, most related to degenerative changes.
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Spondylolisthesis is a common finding in the adult patient but seldom requires surgical intervention.

Lumbar intervertebral disc herniations (IVH) carry a high lifetime prevalence and are the most common cause of sciatica.

Spondylolisthesis is a common finding in the adult patient but seldom requires surgical intervention.