Catherine Agbokou, MD, MSc, Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Emmanuel Cognat, MD, Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Florian Ferreri, MD, MSc, Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.

Differentiating between Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a difficult issue for many clinicians. To date, these diseases share most of their clinical, neuropathological, and management features. Therefore, PDD and DLB are considered by some authors to be the two extremities of a single spectrum disease named Lewy body diseases. Nevertheless, specific diagnostic criteria now exist for each disease and specific diagnosis remains of interest in clinical practice. In this article, we summarize features and diagnostic criteria of both PDD and DLB, compare them, and examine their treatment options.
Key words: Parkinson’s disease dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Lewy body disease, movement disorders, dementia, treatment.

Weerasak Muangpaisan, MD, FRCPT, Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand; visiting fellow, Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.

Cases of dementia are increasing due to longer life expectancy of the world population. Physicians should be able to recognize common dementia syndromes. After excluding reversible causes of dementia, there are four common dementia syndromes, which are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy body, and frontotemporal dementia. The key points of clinical differences of these dementia syndromes are summarized in this article.
Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy body, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease.

David F. Tang-Wai, MDCM, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of
Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.

Keith A. Josephs, MST MD, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Neurodegenerative diseases commonly affect cortical and subcortical structures, resulting in clinical features of mixed dementia and parkinsonism. Dementia, albeit an uncommon presenting feature of Parkinson’s disease, may become a complication with disease progression. In this review we discuss the relationship of dementia and parkinsonism. We outline a clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies and emphasize the importance of understanding the complexity of the disease, for which in-depth knowledge of medication side-effect profiles is a must if treatment is to be undertaken. We also briefly discuss progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, and vascular dementia with parkinsonism.

Key words: Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, visual hallucinations, fluctuations, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

David J. Gladstone, BSc, MD, FRCPC; Lorne Zinman, MD, FRCPC; Jodie Burton, MD; Leanne Casaubon, MD; David Chan, MD; Neil Cashman, MD, FRCPC; Sandra E. Black, MD, FRCPC; Morris Freedman, MD, FRCPC.
From the Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.

At the Third Annual University of Toronto (U of T) Behavioural Neurology Clinic Day for residents, fellows and other trainees, presentations were given by faculty members from the U of T Department of Medicine (Divisions of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine) and the Department of Psychiatry. Highlights of this educational event are summarized herein by residents in the neurology training program.
Key words: dementia, diagnosis, fronto-temporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, vascular dementia.