1Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. 2Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Associate Member, Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
Abstract: Yellow-hued papules and plaques in children can be difficult to differentiate as many causes are rare and may not be frequently outside of specialty pediatric dermatology settings. We will review some of the common and concerning yellow-brown papules and plaques found in infants and children and discuss appearance and distribution, pathophysiology, associated findings, and management.
Nevus sebaceous typically grow in proportion with patients in early childhood. Excision should be deferred until adolescence to avoid the use of general anesthetic and an informed decision can be made by the child.
Benign cephalic histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma are both forms of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis and are benign and self limited.
Consider a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis in any child presenting with connective tissue nevi, especially if white macules, angiofibroma, or periungual fibroma are also found.
Screen children with necrobiosis lipodica for retinopathy and neuropathy.
Use your hands – rub a suspected lesion of mastocytosis; if urticaria is elicited (a red, itchy, swollen papule or plaque), you have found Darier's sign. Mastocytosis is likely. Be prepared to treat the child with antihistamines if needed.
Juvenile xanthogranulomas are more common under two years of age, and typically appear on the head and neck. Cutaneous xanthomas often occur overlying tendons, or as grouped papules over the extensor surfaces and buttocks.
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