1Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.2 Department of Pediatrics, Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Abstract: Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a common, benign skin condition that primarily affects children and adolescents. It is characterized by small follicular papules resembling “chicken skin” or goosebumps, most often on extensor surfaces of the proximal upper and lower extremities. The exact cause of KP is unclear, however it is believed to follow an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and may be associated with a mutation in filaggrin, a protein involved in maintaining the skin barrier. This ultimately results in excessive keratin production and deposition surrounding hair follicles. Diagnosis is typically based on the patient’s history and clinical presentation. KP is most often asymptomatic and tends to improve with age. However, treatment is aimed at enhancing cosmetic appearance or relieving mild pruritus. Management includes optimizing skin moisturization and using topical keratolytic agents, though other options such as topical retinoids and laser therapy may also be effective.
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Keratosis pilaris presents as numerous small follicular papules resembling “chicken skin” or goosebumps, most often on extensor surfaces of the proximal upper and lower extremities.
Keratosis pilaris is a benign skin condition that often improves with age.
Management of keratosis pilaris is aimed at reducing symptoms such as pruritus and improving cosmetic appearance. Keratolytic agents such as lactic acid or salicylic acid creams are most commonly used for treatment.
Keratosis pilaris is the result of excess keratin production that deposits around the hair follicle, however the exact pathogenesis is not fully understood.
Diagnosis of keratosis pilaris is made on history and physical exam. Dermoscopy and biopsy are not often required, but can be used if other conditions are suspected.
Patients should understand that keratosis pilaris is benign and that there is no cure. It is important to provide reassurance that the condition often improves with age, however some topical treatments may be able to help improve cosmetic appearance.
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1 Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 2Department of Pediatrics, Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Abstract: Pityriasis alba is a common, benign skin condition that primarily affects children and adolescents, characterized by hypopigmented patches and scaly plaques on the face and other areas of the body. It is likely a manifestation of post-inflammatory hypopigmentation from subtle or subclinical inflammation. Diagnosis is typically based on history and clinical presentation. Management involves the use of emollients and low-potency topical steroids to improve skin hydration, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms such as pruritus. Pityriasis alba typically becomes less apparent as the patients age, but reassurance and symptomatic relief are critical components to managing the condition.
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Pityriasis alba presents as patches and plaques of hypopigmentation, which is more identifiable in darker skin types (Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI).
Pityriasis alba is a benign and self-limiting skin condition that often improves with time.
Pityriasis alba is often associated with atopic dermatitis and the atopic triad.
Diagnosis of pityriasis alba is made on history and exam and the exclusion of other conditions (e.g. fungal infections, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis). Skin biopsy, laboratory tests, and Wood’s lamp examination are not necessary, but can be performed if other conditions are suspected.
The hypopigmentation in pityriasis alba does not result from reduction in melanocyte count.
Patient reassurance, education and lifestyle management is often sufficient, but emollients, low-potency topical steroids, and topical calcineurin can also be used.
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