David F. Tang-Wai, MDCM, FRCPC, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto; Division of Neurology, University Health Network Memory Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia among older adults. After a century of research, there have been significant scientific advances in the understanding of this disorder. Over the past 15 years, treatment for Alzheimer’s disease exists but it is symptomatic and its effects are modest at best. Currently, newer disease-modifying treatments are being investigated that have the potential of slowing the progression of the disease.
Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, disease-modifying agents, amyloid, tau, neuroprotection.

Emerging drug therapies for dementia are increasingly chosen to tackle molecular targets important in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathobiology. Amyloid oligomers, amyloid deposits, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are characteristic findings in AD. Hence, drugs that interfere with these proteinaceous aggregates are receiving the most attention: a) alpha, beta, and gamma secretase modulators, b) inhibitors of amyloid beta (Ab) aggregation, and c) anti-Ab immunologic strategies. Oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions appear part of a loop of neurotoxicity with the proteinacous aggregates. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds have thus received much attention. Finally, other compounds may work by a variety of other mechanisms.
Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid, secretase inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents.