Mohammed Al Houqani, MBBS, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
Theodore K. Marras, MD, FRCPC, Attending Staff, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital; Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.

Long-term care-acquired pneumonia is a clinical syndrome of pneumonia that develops in a resident of a long-term care facility who has not been recently hospitalized. It is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among the residents of long-term care facilities. Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophils influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most frequently identified bacterial causative. Poor oral hygiene increases the risk of long-term care-acquired pneumonia. In this review, we discuss the risk factors, pathogenesis, etiology, management, and the preventive measures for long-term care-acquired pneumonia.
Key words: Long-term care, nursing home, health care facilities, pneumonia, fluoroquinolones.

Joseph M. Blondeau, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital; Department of Microbiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK.
Glenn S. Tillotson, Oscient Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA; Public Health Research Laboratory, Newark, NJ, USA.

Antimicrobial agents are essential for the treatment of patients with bacterial infectious diseases. Unfortunately, the global escalation of antibiotic resistant pathogens in both the community and hospital settings have compromised the use of some compounds for treating both common and uncommon infections. Over the past three to four years, several new or modified compounds have been approved and may have applicability in treating a wide range of infections in older patients. Some brief characteristics of these compounds and their appropriate indications are summarized.

Key words: older adult, antimicrobial agents, antibiotics, fluoroquino-lones, ketolides.