1Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. 2Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Associate Member, Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
Abstract: Superficial fungal infections are a common occurrence in adults and children alike. Dermatophytes are the primary cause of these infections, which generally present as erythematous, scaling, annular lesions. Also referred to as "tinea", these infections are classified based on where they are found on the body, as different locations can have slightly different presentations and treatment requirements. This article provides an overview of these various presentations of dermatophyte infections and their risk factors, as well as recommended therapies.
Dermatophyte infections, also known as tinea, are very common fungal infections in humans. They occur on the superficial skin, hair, and nails, and can present in many different locations on the body.
Tinea captis is most common in children and can cause hair loss or abscess formation.
When tinea infections are treated with topical corticosteroids, they become harder to detect and are referred to as tinea incognito.
Tinea infections are common, but should be confirmed with KOH microscopy and/or culture from a skin scraping, nail clipping,
or hair sample.
Tinea capitis can be mistaken for eczema or seborrheic dermatitis
Check patients who have tinea infection for tinea pedis, since this is a common source of infection for sites on the rest of the body
Treatment for dermatophyte infections can include oral antifungal agents such as terbinafine or grise-ofulvin in a weightdependent
dose, or topical antifungal agents. Systemic agents are generally re-served for presentations that penetrate hair follicles and nails, or those that are refractory to topical treatment.
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A Review of the Diagnosis and Management of Fungal Skin and Nail Infections
Teaser:
DArcy Little, MD, CCFP, Lecturer and Academic Fellow, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
Dermatophytes are fungi that require keratin for growth and thus are restricted to the hair, nails and superficial skin.1 Dermatophytoses are referred to as tinea infections and are also named for the site of the body affected. Such infections can be spread by direct person-to-person contact (anthropophilic organisms), by contact with animals (zoophilic organisms) or with the soil (geophilic organisms). Onychomycosis, fungal infections of the nails, accounts for one-third of fungal skin and nail infections.2 The purpose of this article is to briefly review the diagnosis and management of common fungal infections of the skin and nails.
