Anita S. Bagri, MD, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
Bernard A. Roos, MD, GRECC, VA Healthcare System, Miami; Stein Gerontological Institute, Miami, FL, USA.
Jorge G. Ruiz, MD, GRECC, VA Healthcare System, Miami; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami; Stein Gerontological Institute, Miami, FL, USA.

Geriatrics education is severely limited by the paucity of trained educators and models of care for implementing the standardized and competency-building learning experiences that have been recognized during the past decade. Simulation can increase the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of geriatrics education. Through simulation, educators can repeatedly present, with reduced faculty presence, standardized clinical scenarios to multiple learners with no threats to patient autonomy and safety. The knowledge-skill-attitudes elements addressed through simulation can include not only the historically well-tested technical and action skills but also individual cognitive and critical thought processes, team performance, and communication.
Key words: training, competency-based education, older adults, computer simulation, professional competence.

Boyd Swinburn, MB, ChB, FRACP, MD, Professor, Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Richard Sager, BHlthSc (N&D), APD, Public Health Research Fellow, Greater Green Triangle University, Department of Rural Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia.

Regular physical activity in older populations reduces the risks of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and falls and also improves mental health. Some programs of written exercise prescriptions by general practitioners have been shown to significantly increase physical activity levels over the medium-term (six to 12 months). Increasing the confidence and skills of general practitioners to prescribe and monitor exercise programs is important. However, the more challenging barriers to the widespread uptake of exercise prescription programs are the structural and economic constraints within general practice, as well as the competing promotion of prescribing pharmaceutical products. Implementation research on overcoming these barriers is urgently needed.
Key words: exercise prescriptions, general practitioner, health gains, training, barriers, health promotion.